Fractura de fémur proximal (31-A3. 2) asociada al uso de tenofovir en paciente VIH+: reporte de caso / Proximal femur fracture (31-A3. 2) associated with the use of tenofovir in an HIV-positive patient: case report

Presentamos el primer reporte de caso en paciente adulto con virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH + ) con fractura por fragilidad en fémur proximal asociada al uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) con fumarato de disoproxilo de tenofovir (FDT) en Chile. Actualmente, los pacientes diagnosticados con VIH inician tratamiento precoz con TARV, lo que implica mayor cantidad de años de exposición a los fármacos de la terapia. El tiempo de exposición acumulado al FDT se ha asociado a disminución de la densidad mineral ósea y falla renal progresiva, pudiendo el paciente desarrollar síndrome de Fanconi adquirido y osteomalacia, con riesgo aumentado de fractura. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 44 años, VIH+ , evaluado en urgencia tras caída a nivel que resultó en fractura patológica del fémur proximal. Los exámenes de ingreso destacaron hipocalemia, hipocalcemia, hipofosfatemia e hipovitaminosis D. Se realizó manejo multidisciplinario, con suspensión del FDT, un cambio en la TARV, y suplementación con calcio y carga de vitamina D. Se realizó reducción cerrada y fijación con clavo cefalomedular largo, que evolucionó favorablemente con rehabilitación motora precoz; el paciente recuperó su funcionalidad previa, y se observó consolidación ósea a las 12 semanas. La aparición de dolor osteomuscular en pacientes VIH+ en TARV debe levantar alta sospecha clínica de efecto adverso a medicamento; el seguimiento de estos pacientes debe incluir el control seriado de la función renal y de los niveles séricos de calcio y fósforo. La búsqueda y sospecha de estas complicaciones permitiría una intervención precoz, mejorando la condición de los pacientes y previniendo fracturas patológicas.

We present the first case report of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adult patient with a fragility fracture of the proximal femur associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in Chile. Currently, patients diagnosed with HIV start ART early, resulting in more years of exposure to these drugs. The accumulated exposure time to TDF has been associated with a decreased bone mineral density and progressive renal failure, potentially leading to acquired Fanconi syndrome, osteomalacia, and an increased risk of fracture. We present a case of a 44-year-old, HIV-positive man assessed at the emergency room after a fall from standing height which resulted in a proximal femoral pathological fracture. Laboratory findings at admission revealed hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypovitaminosis D. Multidisciplinary management was performed, with TDF discontinuation, ART change, and supplementation with calcium and vitamin D. Closed reduction and fixation with a long cephalomedullary nail was successful, with early motor rehabilitation, functional recovery, and bone consolidation at 12 weeks. Musculoskeletal pain in HIV-positive patients on ART must raise the clinical suspicion of an adverse drug effect; the follow-up of these subjects must include serial monitoring of renal function and serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Screening and suspicion of such complications would enable an early intervention, improving the patients' condition and preventing pathological fractures.

Osteosarcopenia: del envejecimiento de la unidad óseo-muscular a la enfermedad / Osteosarcopenia: from muscle-bone unit aging to disease

Aunque la masa muscular y la ósea tienen igual origen embriológico, desarrollo y función, por lo que constituyen la unidad hueso-músculo, las enfermedades asociadas al envejecimiento de esta unidad se consideran de manera independiente. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se evidencia el efecto aditivo nocivo que genera la sarcopenia y la osteopenia/osteoporosis en la calidad de vida y la salud del adulto mayor y aparece el concepto de osteosarcopenia. Entre los adultos mayores se reporta la disminución progresiva de la masa y la fuerza musculares, y las caídas accidentales en el hogar (probables por fragilidad) que están entre las principales causas de muerte, lo que sugiere que un grupo de estos adultos mayores pudieran tener osteosarcopenia. Por ello se requiere desarrollar capacidades para su prevención. Se realiza una revisión narrativa para actualizar aspectos del envejecimiento de la unidad óseo-muscular, la importancia de la osteosarcopenia, sus criterios diagnósticos y opciones terapéuticas. Se estudiaron artículos completos, en idioma inglés y español, obtenidos de las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo Regional y Google Scholar. La infiltración grasa de la unidad músculo-hueso es el evento más importante del envejecimiento, pero no existe uniformidad en el diagnóstico de la sarcopenia. Hasta el presente un aporte proteico de calcio y vitamina D, unido a ejercicios de fuerza, son las principales opciones terapéuticas. No se dispone de fármacos que actúen al unísono sobre las dos entidades que conforman la osteosarcopenia(AU)

Muscle and bone mass have the same embryological origin, development and function constituting the bone-muscle unit. However, the diseases associated with aging of this unit are considered independently. In recent years, the additive effect of sarcopenia and osteopenia / osteoporosis on the quality of life and health of the elderly has been revealed, and thus the concept of Osteosarcopenia emerged. In older adults, reporting a progressive decrease in muscle mass and strength. Along with the above, accidental falls at home (by fragility?) are among its main causes of death, suggesting that a group of these aging people may have undiagnosed Osteosarcopenia. To develop capacities for its prevention the objective of this narrative revision are update aspects related to the aging of muscle. Bone unit and diagnostic criteria and therapeutic options for Osteosarcopenia. Exhaustive review of complete articles, in English and Spanish, downloaded manually and published between 2010 and 2019, obtained from the Pubmed, Scielo Regional and Google Scholar databases. the fatty infiltration of the muscle-bone unit It is the most important event of aging, there is no uniformity in the diagnosis of sarcopenia and adequate protein intake, calcium and D vitamin and strength exercises are principal therapeutic options. There are no drugs with on both entities(AU)

Effects of bleaching using 10% carbamide peroxide with calcium or amorphous calcium phosphate on enamel mineral content and hardness / Asociación entre la severidad de Hipomineralización Incisivo-Molar (HIM) y lesiones cavitadas de caries en escolares

ABSTRACT This study evaluated enamel mineral content and surface microhardness before and after bleaching treatment using 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) containing calcium (Ca) or amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Thirty-six bovine slabs were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 12) according to bleaching treatment: G1 - Opalescence PF 10% (CP), G2 -NiteWhite ACP (CP+ACP), and G3 - Opalescence PF (10%) with calcium (CP+CA). The bleaching agent was applied on enamel surface for 6 h/day over a period of 21 days. Enamel surface was evaluated by Knoop microhardness (KNH) and micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (p-EDXRF) at baseline and at after bleaching treatment. Data were statistically analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). There was a significant decrease in microhardness after bleaching treatments for all study groups, but no difference between bleaching gels. There was no difference in the Ca/P ratio measured by p-EDXRF for all groups at the study times, but the mean value was lower in group CP+CA than in group CP+ACP. Group CP was similar to both CP+ACP and CP+CA. It can be concluded that enamel microhardness decreased after the bleaching process, regardless of the presence of calcium or ACP, but there was no significant change in the Ca/P ratio of enamel after bleaching for each tested gel. This indicates that the bleaching gels have erosive potential, causing softening of enamel without promoting surface loss, regardless of the presence of calcium of ACP ions.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou o conteúdo mineral do esmalte e a microdureza superficial antes e após o tratamento clareador, utilizando peróxido de carbamida 10% (PC) contendo cálcio (Ca) ou fosfato de cálcio amorfo (ACP) em sua composigao. Trinta e seis espécimes de esmalte bovino foram alocados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n = 12) de acordo com os tratamentos clareadores: G1 - Opalescence PF 10% (CP), G2 -NiteWhite (CP+ACP); e G3 - Opalescence PF (10%) com cálcio (CP + CA). O agente clareador foi aplicado na superficie do esmalte por 6 h/dia por um periodo de 21 dias. A superficie do esmalte foi avaliada por microdureza Knoop (KNH) e espectrometria de fluorescencia de raios X micro-dispersiva (p-EDXRF) no inicio e após o tratamento clareador. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas e Tukey (a = 0,05). Houve uma diminuigao significativa da microdureza após os tratamentos clareadores para todos os grupos estudados, mas nao houve diferenga entre os diferentes géis. Nao houve diferenga da relagao Ca/P mensurada por p-EDXRF para todos os grupos nos tempos estudados; no entanto, o grupo CP+CA apresentou menor valor comparado ao grupo CP+ACP. O grupo CP foi similar aos grupos CP+ACP e CP+CA. Portanto, pode-se concluir que houve redugao significativa da microdureza do esmalte após o clareamento, independente da presenga de cálcio ou APC na composigao dos géis, embora nao tenha havido alteragao significando na relagao Ca/P do esmalte após o clareamento. Isto indica um potencial erosivo dos géis clareadores, causando o amolecimento sem perda da estrutura do esmalte, independente da presenga dos íons cálcio e ACP.

Osteoactivos en insuficiencia renal crónica avanzada: a propósito de un caso / Osteoactive in advanced chronic renal failure: a case report

El propósito de la terapia en el desorden del metabolismo óseo mineral asociado a la enfermedad renal crónica (IRC) consiste en restaurar el balance mineral, y, en la osteoporosis, mantener o aumentar la masa ósea. Ambas terapias tratan de evitar la fractura ósea. La mayoría de los osteoactivos están contraindicados en la insuficiencia renal crónica avanzada (estadios 4 y 5), y las terapias son empíricas. Algunos autores opinan que sin anomalías bioquímicas del desorden del metabolismo óseo mineral asociado a la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada se podría intentar el tratamiento estándar para la osteoporosis. Antes de intentar la terapia osteoactiva se debe corregir el desorden mineral óseo que pudiera presentarse asociado a la IRC, y en la indicación del tipo de osteoactivo se sugiere seleccionar al paciente según su estado óseo. Se aconseja que la administración de los antirresortivos se realice a dosis menores con respecto a los que tienen mejor función renal junto con aportes adecuados de calcio y vitamina D, antes y durante el tratamiento para prevenir el riesgo de severas hipocalcemias y un efecto óseo excesivo. Se presenta el caso clínico de una mujer de 65 años, con diagnóstico de osteoporosis de etiología multifactorial, fractura de pelvis, múltiples fracturas vertebrales e insuficiencia renal crónica avanzada, entre otras comorbilidades, y probable enfermedad ósea adinámica. Recibió inicialmente terapia con teriparatide y luego con denosumab, complicándose con hipocalcemia asintomática. (AU)

The purpose of therapy for the bone mineral metabolism disorder associated with chronic kidney disease is to restore the mineral balance; and to maintain or increase bone mass in osteoporosis. The goal of both types of therapy is to avoid bone fractures. Most antiosteoporotic drugs are contraindicated in advanced chronic renal failure (CRF) stages 4 and 5, and the therapies are empirical. Some authors believe that without biochemical abnormalities of the mineral bone metabolism disorder associated with advanced chronic kidney disease, standard treatment for osteoporosis could be attempted. Before attempting antiosteoporotic therapy, the bone mineral disorder that may be associated with CRF must be corrected, and in the indication of the type drug it is suggested that the patient be selected according to their bone status. It is advised that the administration of anti-resorptives be performed at lower doses in individuals with poor renal function compared to those with better renal function together with adequate calcium and vitamin D, before and during treatment to prevent the risk of severe hypocalcemia, and an excessive bone effect. We present the clinical case of a 65-year-old woman with a diagnosis of osteoporosis of multifactorial etiology, pelvic fracture, multiple vertebral fractures and advanced chronic renal failure, among other comorbidities and probable adynamic bone disease. The patient received initial therapy with teriparatide and followed by denosumab administration and exhibited asymptomatic hypocalcemia. (AU)

Uremic lion face syndrome / Face Leonina na Síndrome Urêmica

Abstract Mineral bone disorder is a common feature of chronic kidney disease. Lion face syndrome is rare complication of severe hyperparathyroidism in end-stage renal disease patients, which has been less commonly reported due to dialysis and medical treatment advances in the last decade. The early recognition of the characteristic facial deformity is crucial to prompt management and prevent severe disfigurement. The authors present a rare case of severe hyperparathyroidism presenting with lion face syndrome and bone fractures.

Resumo O distúrbio mineral e ósseo é uma característica comum da doença renal crônica. A síndrome da face leonina é uma complicação rara do hiperparatireoidismo grave em pacientes com doença renal terminal, que tem sido menos relatada devido aos avanços na diálise e tratamento médico na última década. O reconhecimento precoce da deformidade facial característica é crucial para estimular o tratamento precoce e prevenir a desfiguração severa. Os autores apresentam um caso raro de hiperparatireoidismo grave, apresentando síndrome da face leonina e fraturas ósseas.

Management of merged external/internal root resorption using CEM cement: a case report

Chronic pulpal inflammation and infection are the main predisposing factors for internal and external root resorption (IRR & ERR); however, merging of IRR and ERR is a rare lesion which rigorously alters the anatomy of root canals. this study reports a case of merged IRR and ERR in an asymptomatic maxillary left central incisor in a 33-year old caucasian woman that was managed by one-visit root canal therapy (RCT) using calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement. radiographic examination showed a short root with under-filled root canal obturation associated with ERR/IRR and an apical lesion. after thorough chemo-mechanical preparation, the root canal was obturated with CEM cement; one week later, the access cavity was permanently restored. clinical/radiographic examinations at 1-year follow-up revealed uneventful healing, reestablishment of lamina dura and stabilization of the resorptive defects. the treatment outcome demonstrates that one-visit RCT using CEM cement may be a viable treatment option in cases with merged external/internal root resorption. further clinical trials with a larger number of cases are suggested to document a higher level of evidence.

Enfrentamiento de la osteoporosis post menopáusica en la consulta ginecológica / Coping with postmenopausal osteoporosis in the gynecological consultation

La osteoporosis es un desorden esquelético que afecta aproximadamente al 21% de las mujeres entre 50 y 84 años. Su importancia radica en que se asocia a un aumento en el riesgo de fractura, y por lo tanto, a un incremento en la morbimortalidad. El diagnóstico puede ser realizado mediante historia clínica o densitometría mineral ósea. Teniendo en cuenta que el sobrediagnóstico y sobretratamiento de osteoporosis en la práctica ginecológica es frecuente, es esencial conocer tanto las indicaciones para realizar densitometría como los criterios diagnósticos de la patología. El primer pilar para la prevención y tratamiento de osteoporosis es el ejercicio y el aporte adecuado de calcio y vitamina D. Los bifosfonatos son la terapia médica de primera línea, sin embargo, existen otras alternativas que han ha demostrado disminuir el riesgo de fractura osteoporótica como la terapia hormonal de la menopausia y el denosumab.

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that affects approximately 21% of women between 50 and 84 years. It's an important public health issue because low bone mass leads to an increased risk of fracture, having negative consequences in morbidity and mortality in this population. Diagnosis is based in clinical history and bone densitometry. Over diagnosis and over treatment of osteoporosis is common in gynecologic practice. The knowledge of diagnostic criteria and indications to perform bone densitometry is relevant. Treatment of osteoporosis consists in lifestyle measures like exercise and adequate consumption of calcium and vitamin D. Bisphosphonates are first-line medical therapy, but alternative treatments including hormone replacement therapy and denosumab have also shown to decrease risk of fracture.

Displasia fibrosa ósea / Fibrous dysplasia of bone

La displasia fibrosa ósea es un trastorno no hereditario del desarrollo esquelético caracterizado por una proliferación anormal de fibroblastos y diferenciación deficiente de osteoblastos que conduce a un reemplazo del tejido óseo esponjoso por tejido conectivo fibroso. Es producida por una mutación somática activadora del gen GNAS1 que induce una activación y proliferación de células mesenquimales indiferenciadas con formación de tejido fibroso y trabéculas óseas anómalas. Existen formas monostóticas, poliostóticas y craneofaciales con diversos grados de dolor, deformidades y fracturas óseas, aunque muchos casos son asintomáticos. En ocasiones se producen quistes óseos aneurismáticos, hemorragias, compromisos neurológicos y raramente osteosarcomas. Algunos casos se asocian a síndrome de McCune-Albright, síndrome de Mazabraud y a osteomalacia por hipofosfatemia por pérdida tubular renal inducida por el FGF23 producido por el tejido displásico. Los hallazgos en las radiografías convencionales son característicos, aunque variables y de carácter evolutivo. La gammagrafía ósea es la técnica de imagen con mayor sensibilidad para determinar la extensión de la enfermedad. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye múltiples lesiones óseas de características similares y en raras ocasiones se requiere biopsia ósea o estudio genético para confirmarlo. No existe un consenso unánime acerca del abordaje terapéutico de estos pacientes, razón por la cual es necesario un enfoque multidisciplinario. La conducta puede ser expectante o quirúrgica según el tipo de lesiones y es importante el manejo del dolor y de las endocrinopatías asociadas. La mayor experiencia publicada se refiere al uso de bifosfonatos y, más recientemente, denosumab. Los tratamientos actuales son insuficientes para modificar el curso de la enfermedad y es necesario el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas que actúen específicamente en el gen GNAS1 o sobre las células mesenquimales afectadas. (AU)

Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a noninherited developmental anomaly of bone characterized by abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts and differentiation of osteoblasts that cause a replacement of trabeculous bone by fibrous connective tissue. It is caused by a somatic mutation in the GNAS1 gene, which induces an undifferentiated mesenquimal cells activation and proliferation with formation of fibrous tissue and abnormal osseous trabeculae. There are monostotic, polyostotic and craniofacial variants with different grades of bone pain, deformities and fractures, although many cases remain asymptomatic. Aneurysmal bone cysts, bleeding, neurological compromise and infrequently osteosarcoma are possible complications. Some cases are associated to McCune-Albright syndrome, Mazabraud syndrome or hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia due to to renal tubular loss induced by FGF23 produced by dysplastic tissue. The findings on conventional radiography are characteristic although variable and evlolve with time. Bone scintigraphy is the most sensitive technique to evaluate the extent of disease. Differential diagnosis include several osseous lesions of similar appearance and, in some cases, bone biopsy or genetic testing may be necessary. Today, there is no consensus regarding the therapeutic approach for these patients and it is necessary a multidisciplinary medical team. Watchful waiting or surgical interventions can be indicated, depending on the type of bone lesions. Bone pain and associated endocrinopathies management are very important. Most published experience refers to the use of bisphosphonates and, more recently, denosumab. Current treatments are insufficient to modify the natural curse of the disease and therefore, new molecules with specific action on GNAS1 gene or affected mesenchymal cells are necessary. (AU)

Controversias sobre el rastreo de los niveles séricos de vitamina D y su suplementación / Controversies about serum vitamin D levels screening and its supplementation

Si bien los niveles bajos de vitamina D se han asociado con varios resultados de interés en salud, aún resulta motivo de controversia qué significa un nivel bajo, cual es la utilidad de su suplementación y cuales son sus potenciales efectos adversos. En ese contexto, se realizó en el Servicio de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria del Hospital Italiano un taller de discusión denominado "Actividad ECCO" (Evidencia Científica en la Clínica Cotidiana) en la que fueron presentados los resulta-dos de estudios identificados que hubieran comparado el uso de vitamina D (con o sin suplementación de calcio) ver-sus placebo, con el objetivo de discutir cuál es la evidencia actual para el rastreo de deficiencia de vitamina D y para, eventualmente, recomendar o no su suplementación. Este artículo resume la evidencia identificada y las conclusiones consensuadas en dicha actividad. (AU)

Although low levels of vitamin D have been associated with several health outcomes, it is controversial what a low level means, the usefulness of its supplementation and its potential adverse effects. In this context, a workshop called "ECCO Activity" (Scientific Evidence in the Daily Clinic) was held in the Family and Community Medicine Division of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, where the results of identified studies that compared the use of vitamin D (with or without calcium supplementation) versus placebo, with the aim of discussing what is the current evidence for screening of vitamin D deficiency and to, eventually, recommend or not its supplementation. This article summarizes the identified evidence and the agreed conclusions in that activity. (AU)

Hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism: etiology, laboratory features and complications

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify a clinical profile and laboratory findings of a cohort of hypoparathyroidism patients and determine the prevalence and predictors for renal abnormalities. Materials and methods Data from medical records of five different visits were obtained, focusing on therapeutic doses of calcium and vitamin D, on laboratory tests and renal ultrasonography (USG). Results Fifty-five patients were identified, 42 females and 13 males; mean age of 44.5 and average time of the disease of 11.2 years. The most frequent etiology was post-surgical. Levels of serum calcium and creatinine increased between the first and last visits (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively); and serum levels of phosphate decreased during the same period (p < 0.001). Out of the 55 patients, 40 had USG, and 10 (25%) presented with kidney calcifications. There was no significant difference in the amount of calcium and vitamin D doses among patients with kidney calcifications and others. No correlation between serum and urinary levels of calcium and the presence of calcification was found. Urinary calcium excretion in 24h was significantly higher in patients with kidney calcification (3.3 mg/kg/d) than in those without calcification (1.8 mg/kg/d) (p < 0.05). Conclusions The reduction of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia suggest an effectiveness of the treatment, and the increase in serum creatinine demonstrates an impairment of renal function during follow-up. Kidney calcifications were prevalent in this cohort, and higher urinary calcium excretion, even if still within the normal range, was associated with development of calcification. These findings suggest that lower rates of urinary calcium excretion should be aimed for in the management of hypoparathyroidism.

Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies

ABSTRACT The proper dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation, when indicated, are important factors in the acquisition of peak bone mass during youth and in the prevention of fractures in old age. In addition to its deposition in bone, calcium confers an increase in its resistance and exhibits important activities in different enzymatic pathways in the body (e.g., neural, hormonal, muscle-related and blood clotting pathways). Thus, calcium supplementation can directly or indirectly affect important functions in the body, such as the control of blood pressure, plasma glucose, body weight, lipid profile and endothelial function. Since one publication reported increased cardiovascular risk due to calcium supplementation, many researchers have studied whether this risk actually exists; the results are conflicting, and the involved mechanisms are uncertain. However, studies that have evaluated the influence of the consumption of foods rich in calcium have reported no increase in the cardiovascular risk, which suggests that nutritional intake should be prioritized as a method for supplementation and that the use of calcium supplements should be reserved for patients who truly need supplementation and are unable to achieve the recommended daily nutritional intake of calcium.

Incidence of vertebral fractures in calcium and vitamin D-supplemented postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteopenia or osteoporosis: data from Arzoxifene Generations Trial

ABSTRACT Objective Vertebral fracture is the most common osteoporotic fracture, affecting quality of life and increasing mortality. Epidemiological data on incidence of vertebral fracture are scarce in Brazil and throughout Latin America. Our aim was to determine vertebral fracture incidence and risk factors in a female Brazilian population. Subjects and methods Postmenopausal women with low bone mass were studied from the Brazilian placebo group of Arzoxifene Generations Trial (n = 974), followed for up to 5 years. The primary endpoint was new vertebral fractures, detected by X-Ray. Experimental design defined two strata: A. Osteoporosis or previous vertebral fracture with osteopenia; B. Osteopenia without previous fracture. Previous fracture, T-score, ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and glucose were analyzed at baseline. Crude and adjusted incidence rates of vertebral fractures were estimated and Poisson regression model was used. Results Incidence rate was 7.7 (95% CI of 5.4 to 10.9) per 1,000 person-years (PY), increasing as a function of age. Women with new vertebral fractures had higher prevalence of previous nonvertebral fracture after menopause, were older and had lower lumbar spine (LS) T-score. Fracture risk increased by 46% for each unit reduction in LS T-score. Variables correlated with new vertebral fracture were age (p = 0.034), LS T-score, stratum A (p = 0.001 for both) and previous nonvertebral fracture after menopause (p = 0.019). In the final model, LS T-score was the strongest predictor. Conclusions Incidence rate of vertebral fracture of 7.7 per 1,000 PY. Age and previous fractures were associated with new vertebral fracture, but LS T-score was the most important predictor.

Widespread intracranial calcifications in a patient with hypoparathyroidism

No abstract available.

O tamponamento do cálcio nuclear como adjuvante no tratamento de tumores de cabeça & pescoço resistentes à radioterapia

A radioterapia é uma modalidade importante para tratar o câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço, no entanto falhas do tratamento já foram observadas e recorrência da doença é comum. Novas abordagens para melhorar os efeitos benéficos de radioterapia têm sido desenvolvidas e terapia gênica surge como uma ferramenta importante para atingir esse objetivo. Apesar de modelos in vitro serem úteis para entender os efeitos da radiação em níveis celulares um modelo mais próximo ao esquema de irradiação clínica, que permita reproduzir irradiação diária, é necessário. Sinais de cálcio no núcleo têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel crucial em células de mamíferos por regularem a expressão de genes envolvidos na proliferação celular, e ja foi também demonstrado que o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear prejudica o crescimento das células cancerosas in vitro, bem como in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo in vitro que simulava radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço de acordo com parâmetros clínicos e investigar o papel do tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear para aumentar o efeito antitumoral de raios-Xem carcinoma de células escamosas humano. Para estes fins, células da linhagem celular A431 foram submetidas a dose acumulada de 10Gy de raiosX,em esquema de fracionamento diário de doses, (XRCd10Gy) ou em associação com o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear (Ca2+n). Análise do ciclo celular, ensaio de proliferação, a quantificação de lesões de DNA nuclear/mitocondriail, expressão de ADAM-17, a expressão de EGFR e fração de sobrevivência foram investigadas. Nosso modelo forneceu irradiações uniformes à mono camada de células, minimizando as incertezas, independente da posição dos frascos dentro de campo de irradiação, Todos os frascos receberam 100 ± 2% da dose calculada total. Descobrimos que XRCd10Gyinduziu apenas 4,3 ± 0,3% de morte celular (SubG1), indicando radiorresistência.

Após o tamponamento de Ca2+n a proliferação de células A431 diminuiu significativamente (p < 0,001) em comparação com o controle.Análise do ciclo celular mostraram que a associação do tamponamento Ca2+ncom XRCd10Gy aumentou a percentagem de células A431 em G2/M (35,7 ±2,5 %), sem danos de DNA nucleares/mitocondrial aparentes. No entanto, o tamponamento de Ca2+n preveniu significativamente (p < 0,05) o aumento da expressão de ADAM -17 e a ativação do EGFR, induzidas por irradiação. Além disso, a terapia de associação diminui significativamente a formação de colônias das celulas A431 (91 ± 0,4 %), mesmo com cerca de metade da dos e cumulativa. Os efeitos dos bloqueadores de integrina 4B4 e cRGD sobre a migração de células do melanoma humano da linhagem MV3 foram investigados, em cultivo celular 3D, mostrando que além de alterar a morfologia celular, o bloqueio das subunidades de integrina β1 e αvβ3 reduziram o índice de alongamento celular (3.8 ± 0.6 AU) quando comparado com o controle não tratado (8.5 ± 1.7 AU, p<0,001), bem como a velocidade média de migração 0.1± 0.06µm/minuto comparado ao controle não tratado 0.5 ± 0.1µm/minuto(p<0,001). Juntos, estes resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de nova estratégia de radioterapia para o tumor da cabeça e pescoço, com a combinação da terapia gênica e radiação ionizante, permitindo reduzir a exposição celular aos raios-X.

O tamponamento do cálcio nuclear como adjuvante no tratamento de tumores de cabeça & pescoço resistentes à radioterapia / The buffering nuclear calcium as an adjuvant treatment for head & neck tumors resistant to radiation

A radioterapia é uma modalidade importante para tratar o câncer de Cabeça e Pescoço, no entanto falhas do tratamento já foram observadas e recorrência da doença é comum. Novas abordagens para melhorar os efeitos benéficos de radioterapia têm sido desenvolvidas e terapia gênica surge como uma ferramenta importante para atingir esse objetivo. Apesar de modelos in vitro serem úteis para entender os efeitos da radiação em níveis celulares um modelo mais próximo ao esquema de irradiação clínica, que permita reproduzir irradiação diária, é necessário. Sinais de cálcio no núcleo têm demonstrado desempenhar um papel crucial em células de mamíferos por regularem a expressão de genes envolvidos na proliferação celular, e ja foi também demonstrado que o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear prejudica o crescimento das células cancerosas in vitro, bem como in vivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um protocolo in vitro que simulava radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço de acordo com parâmetros clínicos e investigar o papel do tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear para aumentar o efeito antitumoral de raios-Xem carcinoma de células escamosas humano. Para estes fins, células da linhagem celular A431 foram submetidas a dose acumulada de 10Gy de raiosX,em esquema de fracionamento diário de doses, (XRCd10Gy) ou em associação com o tamponamento de Ca2+ nuclear (Ca2+n). Análise do ciclo celular, ensaio de proliferação, a quantificação de lesões de DNA nuclear/mitocondriail, expressão de ADAM-17, a expressão de EGFR e fração de sobrevivência foram investigadas. Nosso modelo forneceu irradiações uniformes à mono camada de células, minimizando as incertezas, independente da posição dos frascos dentro de campo de irradiação, Todos os frascos receberam 100 ± 2% da dose calculada total. Descobrimos que XRCd10Gyinduziu apenas 4,3 ± 0,3% de morte celular (SubG1), indicando radiorresistência...

Após o tamponamento de Ca2+n a proliferação de células A431 diminuiu significativamente (p < 0,001) em comparação com o controle.Análise do ciclo celular mostraram que a associação do tamponamento Ca2+ncom XRCd10Gy aumentou a percentagem de células A431 em G2/M (35,7 ±2,5 %), sem danos de DNA nucleares/mitocondrial aparentes. No entanto, o tamponamento de Ca2+n preveniu significativamente (p < 0,05) o aumento da expressão de ADAM -17 e a ativação do EGFR, induzidas por irradiação. Além disso, a terapia de associação diminui significativamente a formação de colônias das celulas A431 (91 ± 0,4 %), mesmo com cerca de metade da dos e cumulativa. Os efeitos dos bloqueadores de integrina 4B4 e cRGD sobre a migração de células do melanoma humano da linhagem MV3 foram investigados, em cultivo celular 3D, mostrando que além de alterar a morfologia celular, o bloqueio das subunidades de integrina β1 e αvβ3 reduziram o índice de alongamento celular (3.8 ± 0.6 AU) quando comparado com o controle não tratado (8.5 ± 1.7 AU, p<0,001), bem como a velocidade média de migração 0.1± 0.06µm/minuto comparado ao controle não tratado 0.5 ± 0.1µm/minuto(p<0,001). Juntos, estes resultados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de nova estratégia de radioterapia para o tumor da cabeça e pescoço, com a combinação da terapia gênica e radiação ionizante, permitindo reduzir a exposição celular aos raios-X...